Buy Codenames: Duet if there are two of you. Czech Games Edition lists Duet at 2+ and it is cooperative; the original Codenames is listed at 4-8+ with 6 recommended, and it does not work as a two-player game.
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This comparison exists because a lot of people buy the wrong box. Codenames is the famous one, it is on every shelf, and it is a party game for a crowd. Codenames: Duet is the one that works when there are two of you.
If you take one thing from this page: for two people, buy Duet.
02Competitive versus cooperative changes the whole feel
In the original, one person knows the answers and the team guesses; the fun is partly in watching another team struggle. It is loud, social and slightly cruel.
Duet turns that inside out. Both of you are giving clues and both are guessing, each holding half of a shared key card. Nobody is a spectator and nobody is testing anybody -- you are solving the same grid from two directions. That is a fundamentally different experience that happens to use the same words.
03Owning both
If you already own the original and sometimes have guests, Duet is still worth buying rather than a duplicate purchase. Czech Games Edition notes that Duet's 400 new words can be combined with those from standard Codenames, so the two boxes extend each other.
If you own neither and your household is two people, there is no reason to buy the original first. Duet standalone is the correct purchase, and it scales up to a small group anyway -- which is what the 2+ in its listing means.